A base station antenna is a fundamental component in a wireless communication network. These antennas are base station mounted on towers to provide cellular connectivity to users. These antennas are used to cover a single frequency band or multiple frequency bands.

Radiates and receives energy equally in all horizontal directions, called an omnidirectional antenna. This antenna is best suited for applications requiring full coverage. In addition, the outstanding feature of the omnidirectional antenna is its rod radome, like a monopole antenna. The terms "rubber duck" and "whip antenna" are commonly used. Additionally, high gain omni antennas work by pushing energy lobes in from the top and bottom, and out in a doughnut-like pattern . If you keep pushing towards the ends of the pink balloon, it creates a pancake effect with a narrow vertical beamwidth but a large horizontal coverage. This high gain antenna design provides long communication distances, but has one drawback.

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Antennas can be classified according to different situations as follows: Classified according to the nature of work: it can be divided into transmitting antenna, receiving antenna and transceiver shared antenna. According to the use classification: there are communication antenna, broadcasting antenna, TV antenna, radar antenna, navigation antenna, direction-finding antenna and so on. Classified by antenna characteristics: From directionality: there are strong directional antenna, weak directional antenna, directional antenna, omni-directional antenna, needle beam antenna, fan beam antenna and so on. From the polarisation characteristics: there are line polarised antennas, circular polarised antennas and elliptical polarised antennas. Among them, the line polarised antenna is divided into vertical polarised and horizontal polarised antenna. From the frequency band characteristics: there are narrow band antennas, wide band antennas and ultra-wide band antennas. In addition, there are yagi antennas, logarithmic periodic antennas, array antennas. Array antenna and linear array antenna, planar array antenna, attached to the surface of some carriers, such as conformal array antenna. According to the classification of current distribution on the antenna: there are travelling wave antenna, standing wave antenna. According to the use of band classification: long wave, ultra-long wave antenna, medium wave antenna, short wave antenna, ultra-short wave antenna and microwave antenna. According to the carrier: there are vehicle-mounted antenna, airborne antenna, star-carried antenna, bullet-carried antenna and so on. Classified by antenna shape: whip antenna, T-shaped antenna, Γ-shaped antenna, V-shaped antenna, diamond-shaped antenna, loop antenna, helical antenna, waveguide antenna, waveguide slit antenna, horn antenna, reflective surface antenna and so on. According to the use of frequency: 2/3/4/5G/Wi-Fi/Bluetooth/GNSS/ROLA/RFID antennas and so on. Divided by different materials: FPC, PCB, stainless steel, white copper, phosphor bronze, LDS and so on.

Plate antenna is a kind of common wireless communication antenna, which is widely used in wireless communication system with the following main functions: Signal radiation: plate antennas can convert electrical signals into electromagnetic wave signals and radiate them into space. These radiated electromagnetic wave signals can transmit and receive information to achieve wireless communication. Directional radiation: Plate antenna can produce directional radiation, i.e., the radiated power is concentrated in a specific direction. By adjusting the design parameters of the plate antenna, such as the shape, size and distribution of the radiating elements, a specific directionality of radiation can be realised, which improves the efficiency and reliability of signal transmission. Gain enhancement: Plate antennas can provide high antenna gain. Antenna gain is the increase in radiated power relative to a reference antenna (e.g., an equivalent omnidirectional radiating antenna). Through proper design and optimisation, plate antennas can achieve higher gain, thus enhancing the transmission distance and coverage of the signal. Multi-antenna system: The plate antenna can be used in combination with other antennas to form a multi-antenna system. Multi-antenna system can improve the reliability and capacity of wireless signal by using the space diversity effect between antennas. Through the reasonable arrangement of plate antenna, it can achieve spatial multiplexing, beam fouling and other technologies, so as to improve the performance of wireless communication system. In conclusion, the functions of plate antenna include signal radiation, directional radiation, gain enhancement and construction of multi-antenna system. These functions make the plate antenna an important component widely used in wireless communications.